Modes:
The most important ones I will talk about in this case will be Major and minor scales just thought it woud
Ionian: starts on "C" and is the like the major scale and Aeolian- minors scales
Mode
|
Tonic relative
to major scale |
White
note |
Interval sequence
|
| Ionian | I | C |
T-T-s-T-T-T-s
|
| Dorian | II | D |
T-s-T-T-T-s-T
|
| Phrygian | III | E |
s-T-T-T-s-T-T
|
| Lydian | IV | F |
T-T-T-s-T-T-s
|
| Mixolydian | V | G |
T-T-s-T-T-s-T
|
| Aeolian | VI | A |
T-s-T-T-s-T-T
|
| Locrian | VII | B |
s-T-T-s-T-T-T
|
Ionian
Dorian
Phrygian
Lydian
Mixolydian
Aeolian
Locrian
The Modes here are actually based on the white notes on the keyboard.
C major scale
as displayed here is actually starting from the first note "C"- "D"- "E"- "F"- "G"-"A"- "B"- "C"
The pattern of a major scale is (and remember "whole tone" = "W" and a whole step is also equivalent to 2 half steps and "half step" ="H"
Whole tone - "C" to "D"
Whole tone- "D" to "E"
Half Step -"E" to "F"
Whole Step -"F" to "G"
Whole Step- "G" to "A"
Whole Step "A" to "B"
Half Step -"B" to "C"
In simple pattern : W-W-H-W-W-W-H
In a basic scale "fixed 'do'"(well not in movable clef) meaning that the first note of the scale or the Tonic in the "C" major scale the tonic will be "C" ...
In movable "do" or to ease the solphage singing you can use Movable "do" to signify the first note of the scale as "Do" which would be equivalent to "C" in this case...
This example is to reference of the "C" major scale which can actually change depending on the scale you use but to simplify "C" is the easier one to use....
Tonic- (1) ="C" ="Do"
Supertonic (2) ="D" ="Re"
Medient (3) = "E"= "Mi"
Subdominant (4) ="F"="Fa"
Dominant (5) ="G"= "So"
Submedient (6)= "A"="La"
Leading Tone (7)= "B"= "Ti"
Tonic (1)="C"= "Do"
[* is scale actually used]
Also if you see a scale with 2 different letter names lie "B"-"C♭" [♭=flat]
It is because those are "Enharmonic" -they may be written differently but they're exactly the same, they sound the same.
The pattern used above was for major scales includes all major scales - all 12. And the scales are then added accidentals [sharps (#), and Flats (♭)] to differentiate them
C Major (M)- All Natural- no flats and no sharps
G Major- 1# sharp
D Major- 2# sharps
A Major- 3# sharps
E Major- 4# sharps
{*B Major -C♭ Major} enharmonic- 5# sharps & 7♭ flats
{F# Major -G♭Major*} enharmonic- 6# sharps & 6♭ flats
{C#Major -D♭Major*}enharmonic- 7# sharps & 5♭ flats
A♭ Major- 4♭ flats
E♭ Major- 3♭ flats
B♭ Major- 2♭ flats
F Major- 1♭ flat
Circle of Fifths - that what one way of formulating the scales is called. And the reason is because they are a perfect 5th apart
example: C to G is a perfect 5th =
C(1)-D(2)-E(3)-F(4)-G(5)
------------------------->
another example ; G to D is perfect 5th
G(1)- A(2)-B(3)- C(4)- D(5)
--------------------------->
etc.
But, if you were to start with "C" since you always begin with it and instead of following with "G" major scale to went to the flats and started the next scale "F" Major scale (backwards almost) then you would be using the circle of 4ths
Cmajor- Fmajor- B♭major- E♭major-A♭major etc - These are all perfect 4ths
Each scale has a major triad.
The major triad: The ionic which is the first note of the scale, the medient which is the 3rd note of the scale and the dominant which is the 5th note of the scale
In C major
which is the the chord and basically identifies the Scale. If you ever notice in music sometimes they write for one hand or for 2 and you see CM, GM7, dm etc well it's referring to the triad... the chord... but even in those instances it can either be played as a chord (so all three notes together) or a 'broken chord' which is still the same notes but not played simultaneously. See next pic.
example of chord notes:
in G Major- GBD
in D Major DF#A
and etc
In major triad the intervals which will identify the are a Major 3rd from the Tonic (1st)"C" to the Medient (3)"E" and a minor 3rd from the Medient(3rd)"E" to the Dominant (5th) "G"
Speaking about broken chords lead to what is known as an "arpeggios"
An Arpeggio is the same chord as in a major triad but now it's considered a broken chord...
[little song from the Aristocat movie "Do" "Mi" "So" is C major triad]
"Do mi do mi do so mi do
Every truly cultured music student knows
You must learn your scales and your arpeggios
Bring the music ringing from your chest
And not your nose
While you sing your scales and your arpeggios
If your faithful to your daily practicing
You will find you progress is encouraging
Do mi so mi do me so mi fa la so it goes
When you do your scales and your arpeggios
Do mi so do
(Fast piano music playing)
do mi so do do so mi do (Repeat)
Though it seems at first it doesn't show
Like a tree ability will bloom and grow
If you're smart you'll learn by heart what every artist knows
Your must sing your scales
And your arpeeee ee eeggioooooooooos!"
Anyways, side tracked by "the Aristocats'" song the Arpeggio, BUT examples of arpeggios with scales is as follows (Sorry it's in bass clef (F-clef) ) if you don't remember what that is I shall refer to you to my last post on music.) or you if need to figure out the notes the other post should help a little.
Then we have minor scales...
Most of the time you'll hear about the "relative minor" even though most of the time it isn't called that just minor but the "relative minor" is based on the relative major as it pertains to the "Key Signature"
For example: C major has a key signature of all naturals (So no sharps# or flats♭) so the relative minor is "A" Natural minor which would be "Aeolian mode" or Another example "E" Major has 4# sharps and the relative minor is (My all time favorite) "C#" sharp minor - 4#s
And then there is The "parallel minor" which is typically easier to remember by the way it looks basically the same as a major in notes "C Major" and "c minor" but the true difference comes in the key signature "CM" has an all natural key signature and "cm" has 3♭s
The minor triad is also very recognizable in sound specifically because now instead of having C-E-G as a major triad, you actually drop the 3rd (medient) by a half step (or you flat [♭] the 3rd) which you would end up with C-E♭-G the minor triad
So in comparison to the major triad that had C-E be a Majpr 3rd now you actually have a minor 3rd and a major 3rd from E♭-G
C-E♭- Minor 3rd
E♭-G Major 3rd
But there is plenty more to talk about minor scales which I will leave for a later time...
This was written to satisfy my brain fascination with scales in the last couple of days and nights...
I know, I know
nerdy music but I love it... it keeps me sane sometimes...
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